Coffee Growers Worry about New EU Anti-deforestation Rules
2024-03-28
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1Coffee growers in many countries are worried about a new European rule designed to prevent deforestation.
2Deforestation describes when developers cut down trees to make room for crops, buildings or land where cattle can graze.
3The new rule goes into effect at the end of 2024.
4It covers products like coffee, cocoa, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber and beef.
5The European Union says all of those products result in tree cutting.
6The United Nations says deforestation is the world's second-leading cause of carbon emissions after the burning of fossil fuels.
7Large producers must show their products come from land where trees have not been cut down since 2020.
8Smaller producers must do the same but will be permitted to sell their products until July 2025.
9A report from the World Wildlife Fund showed that Europe's imports of products linked to forest-clearing caused the second-most deforestation in the world in 2017.
10That year, China was first.
11 An expert said the new European rule could help prevent more deforestation and push farmers around the world to plant trees, vines and grasses.
12Helen Bellfield is a policy director at Global Canopy, a nonprofit organization based in Britain.
13It suggests business change their production methods that hurt the environment.
14She said the new EU rules could force governments to help farmers make changes.
15On the other hand, farmers could just sell to countries outside of the EU.
16The world's top coffee producers include Vietnam, Ethiopia and Peru.
17Growers in those countries worry they will no longer be able to sell in Europe.
18The new EU rules could help coffee farmers like Le Van Tam of Vietnam who has taken the environment into account.
19He first planted coffee in the Central Highlands area in 1995.
20At the time, he cleared land so he could grow as much coffee as possible.
21But in 2019, he changed his growing methods.
22Instead of using lots of fertilizers and pesticides, he started planting tamarind trees that add nutrients to the soil.
23He added black pepper vines and grass, which helps to keep the soil moist and prevents erosion.
24The changes qualified his coffee as "organic," which opened new markets and made his coffee more valuable.
25He did not produce more, but his profits went up, he said.
26Vietnam hopes that more farmers will make changes, which will permit them to sell in Europe and maintain the nation's rank as the world's second-largest coffee producer.
27The news is not as good for those in Ethiopia and Peru.
28Orders for Ethiopian coffee are already falling and Peru's farmers who are in the Amazon River area may not be able to provide information required by the EU.
29"There will be winners and losers," Bellfield said.
30Vietnam depends on Europe for 40 percent of its coffee sales.
31As soon as the new rules came out, the country began working to maintain its market share.
32Vietnamese officials worked with small farmers to make sure their land met the new EU requirements.
33In addition, it made a database showing where its coffee came from.
34Farmers like Tam got special certificates from international agencies that proved how his beans were grown.
35Tam said the extra work will be worth it because, even if his costs are higher, he can get more money for his coffee.
36"Otherwise, we will always be laborers," he said.
37Small Vietnamese farmers still must get ready for the new rules.
38They will need technology to prove where their beans came from and that their land is certified by the EU.
39They will also need to be sure the qualified beans are not mixed with banned beans.
40From the harvest to shipment, new systems must be put into place to prevent errors.
41Brazil is another big coffee-producing nation.
42Since it already sells a lot to Europe, experts say most of its products already meet EU requirements.
43But farmers in Peru and Ethiopia may need more time.
44Gizat Worku is head of the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association.
45He said collecting data about the land of millions of small farmers will be a problem.
46"That requires a huge amount of resources," he said.
47Gizat said orders from Europe are already falling.
48Some coffee exporters are thinking about selling to the Middle East and China instead.
49Ethiopian coffee sells well in those places.
50"These regulations are going to have a tremendous impact," Gizat said.
51I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Dan Friedell.
1Coffee growers in many countries are worried about a new European rule designed to prevent deforestation. 2Deforestation describes when developers cut down trees to make room for crops, buildings or land where cattle can graze. 3The new rule goes into effect at the end of 2024. It covers products like coffee, cocoa, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber and beef. The European Union says all of those products result in tree cutting. The United Nations says deforestation is the world's second-leading cause of carbon emissions after the burning of fossil fuels. 4Large producers must show their products come from land where trees have not been cut down since 2020. Smaller producers must do the same but will be permitted to sell their products until July 2025. 5A report from the World Wildlife Fund showed that Europe's imports of products linked to forest-clearing caused the second-most deforestation in the world in 2017. That year, China was first. An expert said the new European rule could help prevent more deforestation and push farmers around the world to plant trees, vines and grasses. 6Helen Bellfield is a policy director at Global Canopy, a nonprofit organization based in Britain. It suggests business change their production methods that hurt the environment. 7She said the new EU rules could force governments to help farmers make changes. On the other hand, farmers could just sell to countries outside of the EU. 8The world's top coffee producers include Vietnam, Ethiopia and Peru. Growers in those countries worry they will no longer be able to sell in Europe. 9The new EU rules could help coffee farmers like Le Van Tam of Vietnam who has taken the environment into account. He first planted coffee in the Central Highlands area in 1995. At the time, he cleared land so he could grow as much coffee as possible. But in 2019, he changed his growing methods. Instead of using lots of fertilizers and pesticides, he started planting tamarind trees that add nutrients to the soil. He added black pepper vines and grass, which helps to keep the soil moist and prevents erosion. The changes qualified his coffee as "organic," which opened new markets and made his coffee more valuable. He did not produce more, but his profits went up, he said. 10Vietnam hopes that more farmers will make changes, which will permit them to sell in Europe and maintain the nation's rank as the world's second-largest coffee producer. 11The news is not as good for those in Ethiopia and Peru. Orders for Ethiopian coffee are already falling and Peru's farmers who are in the Amazon River area may not be able to provide information required by the EU. 12"There will be winners and losers," Bellfield said. 13Vietnam depends on Europe for 40 percent of its coffee sales. As soon as the new rules came out, the country began working to maintain its market share. 14Vietnamese officials worked with small farmers to make sure their land met the new EU requirements. In addition, it made a database showing where its coffee came from. Farmers like Tam got special certificates from international agencies that proved how his beans were grown. 15Tam said the extra work will be worth it because, even if his costs are higher, he can get more money for his coffee. "Otherwise, we will always be laborers," he said. 16Small Vietnamese farmers still must get ready for the new rules. They will need technology to prove where their beans came from and that their land is certified by the EU. They will also need to be sure the qualified beans are not mixed with banned beans. From the harvest to shipment, new systems must be put into place to prevent errors. 17Brazil is another big coffee-producing nation. Since it already sells a lot to Europe, experts say most of its products already meet EU requirements. 18But farmers in Peru and Ethiopia may need more time. Gizat Worku is head of the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association. He said collecting data about the land of millions of small farmers will be a problem. "That requires a huge amount of resources," he said. 19Gizat said orders from Europe are already falling. Some coffee exporters are thinking about selling to the Middle East and China instead. Ethiopian coffee sells well in those places. 20"These regulations are going to have a tremendous impact," Gizat said. 21I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Dan Friedell. 22Dan Friedell adapted this story for Learning English based on a report by the Associated Press. 23____________________________________________________ 24Words in This Story 25graze -v. to eat grass 26emission -n. the release of a gas from, usually, an industrial process 27fossil fuel -n. oil, coal or natural gas 28pesticide -n. a chemical that is used to destroy insects that damage crops 29moist -adj. the condition of being a little wet, holding some moisture 30erosion -n. the process in which land and minerals are broken down by wind, water and temperature 31certificate -n. a document or declaration that says the holder is qualified to do something or act in some way 32tremendous -adj. really big 33We want to hear from you. Where does the coffee you like to drink come from? If you can no longer get it, will you be upset?